Can you list the main concepts and elements of functional programming used in Python?

In Python, the following core concepts and elements are used for functional programming:

• Higher-order functions — functions that accept other functions as arguments or return them.
• Lambda functions — anonymous functions created using the lambda keyword.
• Iterables and generators — allow working with data sequences lazily.
• Functions map(), filter(), reduce() — apply functions to collections for data transformation and filtering.
• Immutability — using immutable data structures (e.g., tuples) to avoid side effects.

Example of using higher-order functions and lambda functions:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers))
filtered = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, squared))
print(filtered)  # [4, 16]