In what order should catch blocks be arranged (for example, FileNotFoundException and IOException)?

In Java, catch blocks should be ordered from more specific exceptions to more general ones. This is because exceptions are inherited, and if a more general type is caught first, the more specific blocks will become unreachable (the compiler will give an error).

For example, FileNotFoundException inherits from IOException. Therefore, the order should be:

try {
    // code
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    // handle specific exception
} catch (IOException e) {
    // handle more general exception
}

If the order is reversed, the catch (IOException e) block will catch all exceptions of this type and its subclasses, making the block for FileNotFoundException unreachable.

Thus, always place the handling of more specific exceptions first, followed by more general ones.