Can you explain the concept of IoC container in Spring and its role in dependency management?

The IoC (Inversion of Control) container in Spring is a mechanism that manages the creation, configuration, and lifecycle of application objects (beans). Instead of manually creating dependencies within the code, you describe their configuration, and the container automatically injects the necessary objects where they are needed.

Role of the IoC container:

• Managing dependencies between objects (Dependency Injection).
• Creating and destroying beans.
• Configuring beans via annotations or XML.

Example of dependency injection through Spring:

@Component
public class Service {
    // ...
}

@Component
public class Client {
    private final Service service;

    @Autowired
    public Client(Service service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
}

Here, Spring will automatically create the Service object and pass it to the Client constructor.

Thus, the IoC container simplifies dependency management, enhances modularity, and improves code testability.