What memory areas are used in JVM to store data and how do they differ?

The JVM uses several memory areas to store data, each with its own purpose:

• Heap — the main area for storing objects and arrays. Managed by the garbage collector.
• Stack — stores call frames, local variables, and parameters. Each thread has its own stack.
• Method Area — stores information about classes, methods, constants, and static variables.
• PC Register — stores the address of the current instruction being executed for each thread.
• Native Method Stack — used for calling native methods (e.g., written in C/C++).

Differences:

• Heap and Method Area are shared among all threads, while Stack and PC Register are individual for each thread.
• Heap stores dynamic objects, Stack holds temporary data for method execution.
• Method Area contains class metadata and static data.

This separation allows for efficient memory management and supports multithreading in the JVM.