What is the purpose of classes in object-oriented programming?

In object-oriented programming, a class is a template or blueprint for creating objects. It describes the properties (fields) and behaviors (methods) that objects of this type will have.

Purpose of classes:

• Encapsulation of data and logic — combining state and behavior in one place.
• Code reuse — multiple objects can be created based on a single class.
• Abstraction — hiding implementation details while providing a clear interface.
• Modeling real-world entities — classes help structure the program by reflecting the subject area.

Example:

public class Car {
    private String model;
    private int year;

    public Car(String model, int year) {
        this.model = model;
        this.year = year;
    }

    public void drive() {
        System.out.println(model + " is driving");
    }
}

Here, the Car class describes what a car is, what properties it has, and what it can do.