What types of exceptions are usually caught in a catch block in programming?

In the catch block, exceptions that may occur in the try block and that the program can handle are usually caught. In Java, these can be:

• Checked exceptions, such as IOException, SQLException — they need to be either caught or declared in throws.
• Unchecked exceptions, such as NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException — they can be caught if it makes sense to handle them.

Most often, catch is used to handle specific exceptions related to input/output operations, database work, networking, etc., to respond correctly to errors and prevent the program from terminating unexpectedly.