Have you participated in a project or team without a dedicated tester role?

Yes, in some projects and teams, there was no dedicated tester role, and the testing responsibility was assigned to developers.

In such conditions, the following practices are usually applied:

• Writing unit tests by developers.
• Using integration and functional tests within CI/CD.
• Mutual code review focusing on logic and potential errors.
• Automating testing to reduce human factors.

This helps maintain product quality, even if there is no dedicated testing specialist.