What difficulties can be encountered when transitioning from monolithic architecture to microservices?

When transitioning from a monolith to microservices, the following challenges often arise:

• Complexity of managing a distributed system: it is necessary to ensure interaction between services, which requires configuring network communication, load balancing, monitoring, and logging.

• Data consistency issues: a monolith usually has a single database, whereas microservices have distributed databases, complicating transactions and requiring implementation of eventual consistency.

• Increased infrastructure costs: each service needs to be deployed, scaled, and maintained separately.

• Organizational changes: teams need to be reoriented to work with individual services, which requires new processes and communication.

• Testing and debugging: integration testing becomes more complex due to the multitude of interacting components.

• Security: it is necessary to ensure secure interaction between services and data protection.

These challenges require careful planning and the use of appropriate tools (for example, service mesh, container orchestrators, monitoring systems).