What methods or error handling mechanisms do you use in REST controllers?

In Java REST controllers, the following methods are usually used for error handling:

• Using the @ExceptionHandler annotation in the controller or in a separate class with @ControllerAdvice for centralized exception handling.
• Returning appropriate HTTP statuses with error descriptions in the response body, for example, 400 for client errors, 500 for server errors.
• Creating custom exception classes for different error types (e.g., ResourceNotFoundException, ValidationException).

Example of exception handling with @ControllerAdvice:

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleNotFound(ResourceNotFoundException ex) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(ex.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleGeneral(Exception ex) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body("Internal server error");
    }
}

This approach allows separating error handling logic from business logic and ensures a uniform response format for errors.