What prevents effective writing of unit tests for microservices in the current project?

The main obstacles to effective writing of unit tests in microservices can be as follows:

• Component isolation complexity — microservices often depend on external services and databases, which complicates isolation during testing.
• Lack or insufficiency of mocks and stubs — without them, tests become integration tests and slow.
• A large number of external dependencies — complicates environment setup for tests.
• Lack of time and development priorities — sometimes tests are postponed in favor of functionality.
• Absence of standardized approaches and tools for testing — this leads to fragmentation and reduced test quality.

To improve the situation, it is recommended to implement contract testing practices, use mocking libraries (e.g., Mockito in Java), and automate test runs in CI/CD.