How do you manage and avoid transitive dependencies when using Maven?

There are several approaches to managing transitive dependencies in Maven:

1. Dependency tree view: The command mvn dependency:tree shows all direct and transitive dependencies, helping to identify unwanted or conflicting versions.

2. Exclusions: In the <dependency> section, you can explicitly exclude transitive dependencies that are not needed or cause conflicts.

<dependency>
    <groupId>example.group</groupId>
    <artifactId>example-artifact</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>conflict.group</groupId>
            <artifactId>conflict-artifact</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

3. Version management via <dependencyManagement>: Allows centralized setting of dependency versions, including transitive ones, to avoid conflicts.

4. Updating and locking versions: Regularly update dependencies and lock versions to prevent unexpected changes.

Thus, combining dependency tree analysis, exclusions, and centralized version management helps control transitive dependencies in Maven.