What are the advantages and disadvantages of immutable objects in programming?

Immutable objects are objects whose state cannot be changed after creation.

Advantages:

• Thread safety without additional synchronization.
• Simplifies debugging and testing, as the state does not change.
• Easier to use in caches and collections.

Disadvantages:

• To modify data, a new object must be created, which can lead to additional memory and time costs.
• Not always convenient for objects with frequently changing state.

Example in Java:

public final class Person {
    private final String name;
    private final int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() { return name; }
    public int getAge() { return age; }
}

Here, after creating a Person object, it is not possible to change the name or age.