How do ranges of possible sizes work and what values can they take for simple data types?

In Java, primitive data types have fixed sizes and value ranges:

• byte: 8 bits, values from -128 to 127
• short: 16 bits, values from -32,768 to 32,767
• int: 32 bits, values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
• long: 64 bits, values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
• float: 32-bit floating point number, approximate range ±1.4E-45 to ±3.4E+38
• double: 64-bit floating point number, approximate range ±4.9E-324 to ±1.7E+308
• char: 16 bits, represents a Unicode character, values from 0 to 65,535
• boolean: takes values true or false (size not strictly defined, depends on JVM)

These sizes and ranges are defined by the Java specification and allow efficient use of memory and computations.