How to identify which SQL queries require analysis in PostgreSQL?

In PostgreSQL, there are several approaches to identify SQL queries that require analysis:

1. Logging slow queries — enable the log_min_duration_statement parameter in the PostgreSQL configuration. It logs all queries that run longer than a specified time (e.g., 500 ms). This helps identify slow queries that need optimization.

2. Using the pg_stat_statements extension — this extension collects statistics on executed queries, including call counts, average execution time, etc. Analyzing data from pg_stat_statements can reveal the most resource-intensive and frequently executed queries.

3. EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN ANALYZE — for suspicious queries, you can obtain an execution plan to understand where bottlenecks occur.

4. Monitoring with external tools — such as pgBadger, pgAdmin, or specialized APM systems that collect and analyze database load.

Thus, queries that:

• Run for a long time (according to slow query logs),
• Are called frequently and consume many resources (according to pg_stat_statements),
• Have inefficient execution plans (according to EXPLAIN), require detailed analysis and optimization.