In what situations is it preferable to use exceptions that occur during program execution?

Exceptions during program execution are preferably used in the following situations:

• When an unforeseen error occurs that cannot be handled by the normal flow of logic (e.g., input/output error, division by zero).
• To handle errors related to external resources (files, network, database).
• When it is necessary to interrupt the execution of the current block of code and transfer control to the error handler.
• To improve code readability and maintainability by separating normal logic from error handling.

Example in Java:

try {
    int result = 10 / divisor; // may throw ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Division by zero is not possible");
}

Exceptions should not be used for normal program flow control, only for handling truly exceptional situations.