What is the role of layered architecture in applications developed using Spring?

Layered architecture in Spring applications helps to divide the code into logical levels, each responsible for its own task. Usually, three main layers are distinguished:

• Controllers (Controller) — receive requests from the user, process them, and return a response.
• Service layer (Service) — contains the business logic of the application.
• Data access layer (Repository/DAO) — responsible for interaction with the database.

This separation simplifies code maintenance and testing, improves readability, and makes it easier to scale the application. Spring provides convenient annotations (@Controller, @Service, @Repository) to explicitly mark these layers and manage them through the dependency container.