What are the differences between component visibility zones in Spring Framework?

In the Spring Framework, there are several main scopes of components (beans):

• Singleton (default): one instance of the bean is created for the entire Spring container. All requests receive the same object.
• Prototype: each request for a bean creates a new instance.
• Request: the bean lives for the duration of a single HTTP request (used in web applications).
• Session: the bean lives for the duration of a user's HTTP session.
• Application: the bean lives throughout the entire lifecycle of the web application.

These differences are important for managing state and performance. For example, singleton is suitable for stateless services, while request or session scopes are used for storing data specific to a user or request.