What approaches exist to prevent unwanted data changes in a table, even when edit rights are granted?

To prevent unwanted data changes in a table, even when edit rights are granted, several approaches can be used:

1. Database triggers — set up triggers that will rollback or block changes under certain conditions.
2. Data versioning — keep a history of changes and the ability to revert.
3. Use of roles and restrictions — even if a user has edit rights, restrict changes to specific fields or rows through security policies.
4. Application logic — implement checks and validation before saving changes.
5. Row or table locking — temporarily prohibit changes under certain conditions.

For example, in a Java application, you can implement a service layer that checks rights and data state before performing an update operation, and throws an exception if an unwanted change is attempted.