Can you name the main approaches to implementing the Inversion of Control (IoC) principle?

Main approaches to implementing the Inversion of Control (IoC) principle in Java:

1. Dependency Injection (DI) — dependencies are passed to an object from outside, usually through constructors, setters, or interfaces. This allows separating object creation from their usage.

public class Service {
    private Repository repository;

    // Injection via constructor
    public Service(Repository repository) {
        this.repository = repository;
    }
}

2. IoC Containers (e.g., Spring Framework) — frameworks that manage the lifecycle of objects and their dependencies automatically.

3. Factory methods and abstract factories — objects are created through factories, allowing to change specific implementations without modifying the client code.

All these approaches help reduce component coupling and increase testability and flexibility of the application.