In what cases does certificate encryption occur during its use or storage?

Certificate encryption occurs in the following cases:

• When storing the certificate on disk or in a repository (e.g., keystore) to protect the private key from unauthorized access.
• When transmitting the certificate over unsecured communication channels to ensure confidentiality.

Typically, the private key of the certificate is encrypted with a password or key to prevent its compromise. The public certificate itself is usually not encrypted, as it is intended for free distribution.