When should partial and covering indexes be used?

Partial indexes are created with a condition (WHERE), indexing only a part of the data, which reduces the size of the index and improves the performance of queries filtered by this condition. They should be used when queries with a specific filter are frequently executed, and other data are not needed for indexing.

Covering indexes include all columns necessary to execute the query (both for retrieval and filtering), allowing data to be obtained directly from the index without accessing the main table. This significantly speeds up reading.

Use partial indexes to optimize queries with specific conditions, and covering indexes to speed up queries that return only indexable fields, minimizing data access.