Каким образом TreeMap self-adjusts для обеспечения сбалансированности и эффективности работы?

TreeMap in Java is implemented based on a red-black tree — a balanced binary search tree. To ensure balance and efficiency, TreeMap automatically performs rebalancing operations during insertion and deletion of elements.

How it works:

• Each node of the tree is colored red or black.
• When adding or removing a node, rotations and recoloring of nodes are performed to maintain the properties of the red-black tree.
• These properties guarantee that the path from the root to any leaf is not too long, ensuring logarithmic time complexity for search, insertion, and deletion operations (O(log n)).

Thus, TreeMap "self-adjusts" through internal red-black tree balancing algorithms, maintaining efficient performance even with a large number of elements.