In what situations will using transactions not lead to automatic rollback of changes?

Transactions in Java (for example, using Spring Transaction Management) will not automatically roll back in the following situations:

• The exception is not unchecked (RuntimeException) or Error, but a checked exception, and rollback is not explicitly specified in the settings (rollbackFor).
• The exception was caught and handled within the transactional method, i.e., it did not propagate outward.
• The transaction was configured with the noRollbackFor parameter for this type of exception.
• The transaction has already been committed before the error occurred.

Example:

@Transactional
public void someMethod() {
    try {
        // database operations
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // exception handled, transaction will not rollback automatically
    }
}

In this case, if the exception is caught, it will not cause an automatic rollback.