Can you describe the different types of indexes used in database management systems?

In database management systems (DBMS), various types of indexes are used to speed up data search and sorting. The main types of indexes:

• B-Tree index — the most common type, supports fast search, insertion, and deletion. Well-suited for range queries.
• Hash index — provides very fast exact match search but does not support range queries.
• Bitmap index — effective for columns with a small number of unique values (e.g., gender, status). Used in analytical systems.
• Full-text index — designed for quick text search, supports searching by words and phrases.

Each type of index is chosen depending on the nature of the data and the types of queries that need to be optimized.