Explain the concept of dynamic binding in object-oriented programming.

Dynamic binding in object-oriented programming is the process of determining at runtime which implementation of a method to invoke, rather than at compile time. This allows polymorphism, where the same method call can behave differently depending on the actual object type.

For example, if you have a base class Animal with a method makeSound(), and subclasses Dog and Cat override this method, then calling makeSound() through a reference to Animal will invoke the method of the actual subclass object.

class Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Some sound");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Bark");
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Meow");
    }
}

Animal a = new Dog();
a.makeSound(); // Will print "Bark" thanks to dynamic binding

Thus, dynamic binding provides flexibility and extensibility of code.