Can the system guarantee consistency and availability simultaneously (CA)?

According to the CAP theorem, a distributed data storage system cannot simultaneously guarantee all three properties: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. During network partitions, a choice must be made between consistency and availability.

Thus, guaranteeing both consistency and availability (CA) simultaneously is impossible in the presence of network failures. If the network operates without partitions, a CA system is possible, but in real distributed systems, the possibility of network partitioning is always considered, so they choose either CP (consistency and partition tolerance) or AP (availability and partition tolerance).

Example: In CP systems (e.g., certain database configurations), during a network partition, the system may become unavailable to preserve consistency.