How do transaction models with and without state differ?

Models of transactions with state preservation (stateful) and without state (stateless) differ in how they manage information between requests:

• Stateful: a transaction or session maintains state between requests. For example, in a banking application, after starting a transaction, all operations are associated with this state until commit or rollback. This simplifies managing complex processes but requires storing and synchronizing state.

• Stateless: each request is processed independently, without storing information about previous requests. This simplifies scaling and fault tolerance but requires transmitting all necessary information in each request.

In Java, this is often reflected in application architecture and the use of transactions in databases, where stateful transactions can be managed by a container (e.g., in EJB), and stateless transactions are used in REST services, where each request is independent.