How is data safety ensured in the system when using the Durability property in the ACID transaction model?

The Durability property in the ACID model guarantees that after a transaction successfully completes, all data changes are permanently saved, even in the event of system failures (such as power outages). This is achieved through the use of transaction logs and mechanisms for writing data to persistent storage (disks).

For example, when a transaction commits, all changes are first written to a log (write-ahead log), which is stored on disk. Only after this is the transaction considered complete. In case of a failure, the system can restore the data state using this log, thereby ensuring data safety and integrity.