What are the parts of a class in Java?

In Java, a class typically consists of the following parts:

• Access Modifiers: Define where the class is accessible from (e.g., public, protected, private, or no modifier).
• Keyword class: Mandatory element for declaring a class.
• Class Name: The identifier of the class, usually following PascalCase conventions.
• Keyword extends (optional): Indicates the superclass from which this class inherits.
• Keyword implements (optional): Indicates the interfaces that this class implements.
• Class Body {}: Contains the class members.

Inside the class body, there can be:

• Fields: Variables of the class representing its state. They can have access modifiers, be static (static), and final (final).
• Constructors: Special methods for initializing class objects. They have the same name as the class and no return type. They can be overloaded.
• Methods: Functions defining the behavior of the class. They can have access modifiers, static, final, abstract modifiers, a return type, name, and parameters.
• Initialization Blocks: Code blocks executed when creating an object (non-static) or when loading the class (static).

  // Non-static initialization block
  {
      // Code executed when each object is created
  }
  

  // Static initialization block
  static {
      // Code executed when the class is loaded
  }
  

• Inner Classes: Classes declared within another class. They can be non-static, static (nested), local, or anonymous.