What existing programming approaches can be compared to the Command pattern?

The Command pattern can be compared to several programming approaches that also encapsulate actions or operations for flexible management:

• Callback — allows passing a function as a parameter for deferred execution, similar to encapsulating a command.
• Functional objects (functional interfaces in Java) — objects implementing a single method, which can act as commands.
• Strategy — encapsulates an algorithm, similar to Command, but focuses on selecting an algorithm rather than executing a specific operation.
• Event-driven programming — events and handlers can be viewed as commands that execute in response to an event.

Example of Command in Java:

interface Command {
    void execute();
}

class LightOnCommand implements Command {
    Light light;
    LightOnCommand(Light light) { this.light = light; }
    public void execute() { light.on(); }
}

class Light {
    void on() { System.out.println("Light is ON"); }
}

// Usage
Light light = new Light();
Command switchUp = new LightOnCommand(light);
switchUp.execute();