Can you explain how the stack memory works in a computer?

The stack memory area is a region of memory used for storing local variables, method parameters, and call information during program execution.

When a method is called, a new frame (call frame) is created on the stack, which stores:

• Method parameters
• Local variables
• Return address (where to return after the method finishes)

After the method completes, this frame is removed from the stack, and control returns to the calling code.

The stack operates on the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle — the last called method finishes first.

Example:

void methodA() {
    int x = 10; // stored in the stack
    methodB();
}

void methodB() {
    int y = 20; // new frame on the stack
}

When methodA is called, a frame is created, and when methodB is called, a new frame is pushed on top of the first. After methodB finishes, its frame is removed, and control returns to methodA.

Stack memory is limited in size, and stack overflow occurs if calls are nested too deeply or if there is infinite recursion.