Can you list the possible thread states in Java and explain them?

In Java, a thread can be in the following states:

1. NEW: The thread has been created but start() has not been called yet.
2. RUNNABLE: The thread is ready to run and waiting for CPU time.
3. BLOCKED: The thread is waiting to acquire a monitor lock to enter a synchronized block or method.
4. WAITING: The thread is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action (e.g., wait() without timeout).
5. TIMED_WAITING: The thread is waiting for a specified amount of time (e.g., sleep(), wait(timeout), join(timeout)).
6. TERMINATED: The thread has finished execution.

Example transitions:

Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
    // thread code
});
// State is NEW

t.start();
// Transition to RUNNABLE

// If the thread tries to enter a synchronized block but it's occupied, it transitions to BLOCKED

// Calling wait() puts the thread into WAITING

// Calling sleep(1000) puts the thread into TIMED_WAITING

// After run() completes, the thread transitions to TERMINATED

Understanding these states is important for proper thread management and avoiding synchronization and performance issues.