How does the system respond to high volume of incoming requests?

When handling a high volume of incoming requests, a Java system typically employs several approaches to maintain performance and stability:

• Thread Pool: Instead of creating a new thread for each request, a limited pool of threads is used, reducing overhead.
• Request Queues: Requests are placed in a queue and processed as resources become available.
• Load Balancing: Load balancers distribute requests across multiple servers.
• Rate Limiting: The system may limit the number of requests from a single client to prevent overload.
• Asynchronous Processing: Using non-blocking calls and reactive libraries (e.g., Reactor, RxJava) for more efficient resource utilization.

Example of using a thread pool in Java:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

for (Runnable task : incomingRequests) {
    executor.submit(task);
}

executor.shutdown();

Thus, the system controls the load, prevents resource exhaustion, and ensures stable operation.