How is scalability of a monolithic application increased?

Several approaches are used to increase the scalability of a monolithic application:

• Horizontal scaling: running multiple instances of the application on different servers with load balancing.
• Code and database optimization: reducing response time and load.
• Caching: using caches to reduce the number of database requests.
• Asynchronous processing: implementing queues and background tasks to unload main threads.
• Modularity within the monolith: dividing the application into clearly defined modules to facilitate maintenance and scaling.

Thus, scalability is achieved through efficient resource utilization and architectural improvements, even without transitioning to microservices.