How well do you understand the Spring framework and can you apply it?

Spring is a powerful framework for developing applications in Java, which simplifies the creation of enterprise applications through inversion of control (IoC), dependency injection (DI), aspect-oriented programming (AOP), and modularity.

I know how to use the main Spring modules: Spring Core for managing beans, Spring MVC for building web applications, Spring Data for working with databases, and Spring Boot for rapid project startup with minimal configuration.

Example of a simple REST controller in Spring Boot:

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        return "Hello, Spring!";
    }
}

Also familiar with configuration via annotations, profiles, exception handling, and testing Spring components.