Which data structure is most suitable for ensuring thread safety during rare list modifications and high load?

For scenarios with rare list modifications and high read load in Java, it is optimal to use the CopyOnWriteArrayList data structure.

Features of CopyOnWriteArrayList:

• Each modification (addition, removal) creates a new copy of the internal array.
• Reads are not blocked and are very fast because they work with an immutable copy.
• Suitable when there are few modifications and many reads.

Example usage:

CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("item1");
// Multiple threads can safely read list without synchronization

Thus, CopyOnWriteArrayList provides thread safety and high performance during rare modifications and intensive reads.