What methods can be used to organize thread execution order in a program?

To organize the order of thread execution in Java, several methods can be used:

• join() method — allows one thread to wait for the completion of another. For example:

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
    // thread code
});
t1.start();
t1.join(); // current thread waits for t1 to finish

• Synchronization using synchronized — provides mutual exclusion, helping control access to shared resources and indirectly influencing execution order.

• Using wait() and notify() — allows threads to interact and wait for certain conditions.

• Classes from java.util.concurrent:

  • CountDownLatch — a thread waits until other threads perform certain actions.
  • CyclicBarrier — allows a group of threads to wait for each other.
  • Semaphore — limits the number of threads that can execute a certain section of code simultaneously.

• Thread priorities — can be set using setPriority(), but this does not guarantee strict order.

Example with join():

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Thread 1"));
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Thread 2"));
t1.start();
t1.join(); // wait for t1 to finish
 t2.start();

In this example, thread t2 will only start executing after t1 has completed.