How are numbers represented inside a computer in the form of binary values?

Numbers inside a computer are represented as binary values, that is, sequences of bits (0 and 1). For integers, a fixed-length binary representation is usually used (for example, 32 or 64 bits). Negative numbers are often encoded using two's complement, which simplifies arithmetic operations.

For floating-point numbers, the IEEE 754 standard is applied, where the number is divided into sign, exponent, and mantissa, allowing the representation of very large and very small values with a certain precision.

Example: the number 5 in 8-bit representation will be 00000101, and -5 in two's complement will be 11111011.