Explain the concept of atomic operations in databases and their role in ensuring data integrity.

Atomic operations in databases are operations that are executed completely or not at all. This is one of the key characteristics of transactions, ensuring data integrity.

Role of atomicity:

• If an operation is interrupted (for example, due to a failure), the database rolls back all changes made within that operation to avoid leaving data in an inconsistent state.
• It guarantees that partially completed changes will not be visible to other transactions.

Example: when transferring money from one account to another, an atomic operation includes debiting one account and crediting another. If one part fails, the other should not be applied.