How is interaction with a relational database carried out when developing in Java?

Interaction with a relational database during Java development is usually done using JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) or ORM frameworks such as Hibernate or JPA.

Main steps when using JDBC:

1. Loading the database driver.
2. Establishing a connection to the database via DriverManager.getConnection().
3. Creating and executing SQL queries using Statement or PreparedStatement.
4. Processing results through ResultSet.
5. Closing resources.

Example of a simple query using JDBC:

import java.sql.*;

public class DbExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "password";

        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        String query = "SELECT id, name FROM users";

        try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query)) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                System.out.println(id + ": " + name);
            }
        }
        conn.close();
    }
}

Using ORM allows working with Java objects instead of directly with SQL, which simplifies development and code maintenance.