How to optimize access performance to objects after their synchronization?

After synchronization, access performance to objects can be optimized with the following methods:

• Using locks with a smaller scope: minimize the lock holding time to reduce contention.
• Applying volatile to variables if visibility guarantees are sufficient without full synchronization.
• Using atomic classes from java.util.concurrent.atomic (e.g., AtomicInteger), which provide atomic operations without locks.
• Using ReadWriteLock if there are many read operations and few write operations — this allows multiple threads to read simultaneously.
• Using local copies of data: if possible, work with copies of objects outside of synchronization.

Example using AtomicInteger instead of synchronized for a counter:

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Counter {
    private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);

    public void increment() {
        count.incrementAndGet();
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count.get();
    }
}