What approaches can ensure the immutability of objects in programming?

Objects in programming can be made immutable using the following methods:

• Declare the class as final to prevent inheritance and behavior modification.

• Make all fields private final so they cannot be changed after initialization.

• Initialize all fields through the constructor, without setters.

• Do not provide methods that modify the object's state (e.g., setters).

• For reference fields to mutable objects (e.g., collections), use immutable versions or return copies.

Example of an immutable class in Java:

public final class Person {
    private final String name;
    private final int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

Such an object cannot be changed after creation.