What methods can be used to manage Spring settings during application configuration?

In Spring, application settings can be managed in the following main ways:

1. application.properties or application.yml — standard configuration files where parameters are set in key-value format.

2. Annotations @Value and @ConfigurationProperties — allow injecting values from configuration files directly into class fields.

3. Java configuration using @Configuration and @Bean — programmatic definition of beans and their parameters.

4. Spring Profiles (@Profile) — enable different configurations depending on the active profile (e.g., dev, prod).

5. Command line arguments and environment variables — settings can be overridden without changing files.

6. Using PropertySource — connecting additional property sources.

Example of using @ConfigurationProperties:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppProperties {
    private String name;
    private int timeout;
    // getters and setters
}

And in application.yml:

app:
  name: MyApp
  timeout: 5000

Thus, Spring provides flexible ways to manage settings during configuration.