What are the limitations of relational databases?

Relational databases (RDBs) have several limitations:

• Scalability: traditional RDBs are more difficult to scale horizontally (sharding), especially with large volumes of data and high loads.

• Schema flexibility: rigid data schema requires defining the structure of tables in advance, which complicates working with changing or unstructured data.

• Performance with complex queries: performance can decrease with very large data volumes and complex joins.

• Handling large volumes of unstructured data: RDBs are not optimal for storing and processing multimedia files, JSON documents, etc.

• Complexity of distributed transactions: supporting ACID transactions in distributed systems is more complex.

These limitations often lead to the use of NoSQL databases in cases where flexibility, scalability, and working with unstructured data are required.