What components are included in the ClassLoader mechanism in Java?

The ClassLoader mechanism in Java includes several main components:

• Bootstrap ClassLoader — loads core Java classes from rt.jar (e.g., java.lang.*).
• Extension ClassLoader — loads Java extensions from the extensions folder.
• System (or Application) ClassLoader — loads classes from the application's classpath.

Each ClassLoader is responsible for loading classes from specific sources and operates on a delegation principle: if a class is not found in the current loader, the request is passed to the parent. This ensures a hierarchical structure of loaders and prevents class duplication.