Explain the principle of inversion of control using the example of a taxi calling system.

Inversion of Control (IoC) is a principle where the creation and binding of objects are delegated to an external container or framework, rather than being implemented directly in the code.

Example in a taxi call system:

• Instead of the TaxiService class creating Driver or Car objects itself, these dependencies are passed to it from outside (for example, through the constructor).
• The IoC container is responsible for creating and binding all objects.

public class TaxiService {
    private Driver driver;

    // Dependency is passed from outside
    public TaxiService(Driver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    public void callTaxi() {
        driver.driveToCustomer();
    }
}

Here, TaxiService does not create a Driver itself but receives it from outside. This simplifies testing, extension, and maintenance of the code, as dependencies can be changed without modifying the class itself.