What are the advantages of using JDBC?

Database independence: JDBC provides a standard API for interacting with various DBMSs. Thanks to drivers specific to each database, the application code remains unchanged.

Standardization: The JDBC API is a standard defined by the Java specification. This simplifies learning and usage, as well as ensures code portability across projects and teams.

Flexibility: Developers have full control over SQL queries, transactions, and data processing. This allows optimizing database interactions for specific tasks.

Performance: Direct interaction with database drivers via JDBC can be more efficient than using ORM, especially in scenarios requiring fine-tuning of queries or high throughput.

No dependencies: JDBC is part of the standard Java library (Java SE), requiring no additional dependencies for basic operation.

Support for advanced features: JDBC allows access to database-specific functions that may not be available in ORM.