How do you work with databases? Hibernate/JPA — how do you use it?

When working with a database through Hibernate/JPA, I usually:

• Use Entity classes to map database tables.
• Apply JPA annotations (@Entity, @Table, @Id, etc.) to define the mapping.
• Manage sessions via EntityManager or SessionFactory.
• Use transactions to ensure atomicity of operations, typically through @Transactional.
• Write JPQL or Criteria API for complex queries to stay within ORM.
• Optimize data loading with LAZY/EAGER fetch strategies.
• Carefully monitor N+1 problems and apply fetch joins or batch fetching.
• For complex or specific queries, I may use native SQL.

Example of usage:

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    // getters and setters
}

// In the service
@Transactional
public User getUser(Long id) {
    return entityManager.find(User.class, id);
}