What is the difference between notify and notifyAll methods in thread synchronization?

The 'notify' and 'notifyAll' methods in Java are used to wake up threads that are waiting on an object's monitor (via 'wait').

• 'notify()' wakes up a single, random thread waiting on the object.
• 'notifyAll()' wakes up all threads waiting on the object.

Using 'notify' is suitable when waking a single thread is enough, such as in a queue with a single consumer. 'notifyAll' is useful when all threads need to check a condition and continue working, such as in complex synchronization logic.

It's important to remember that awakened threads do not start running immediately; they transition to a ready state and wait to acquire the monitor.