How does Spring implement interaction with objects without using additional intermediate layers?

Spring implements interaction with objects through the Dependency Injection (DI) mechanism, which allows creating and linking objects without the need to write additional code for their creation or lookup.

This is achieved through the Spring container, which manages the lifecycle of objects (beans) and automatically injects the necessary dependencies into fields, constructors, or methods using annotations (@Autowired, @Component, etc.).

Thus, objects interact directly, and intermediate layers for binding are created and managed by the container, simplifying architecture and increasing code testability.